PHYs (10/100/1G/2.5G/5G/10G, SPE, automotive), MAC/controllers & bridges, switches & TSN, PoE/PoDL, timing & sync (PTP/SyncE/WR), industrial stacks (PROFINET/EtherCAT/CIP), PHY co-design & protection, test/monitoring/security, topologies, key specs, and design hooks.
Ethernet PHY
10/100/1000/2.5G/5G/10G PHY
Low-jitter clocks, EEE power-save, loopback/PRBS and adaptive EQ for switches and gateways.
Single-Pair Ethernet PHY (T1L/T1S/1000BASE-T1)
Up to 1 km reach with PoDL; intrinsic-safety friendly for process automation.
Industrial-Grade PHY
Wide temp/EMC, low BER and TSN timestamping for PROFINET/EtherNet-IP devices.
Isolated / Integrated Magnetics PHY
Built-in isolation transformer/CM choke to simplify layout and boost ESD/surge.
Automotive Ethernet PHY (100/1000BASE-T1)
TC10 wake, EMC-shaped transmit and ASIL hooks for cameras and domain controllers.
MAC & Controllers / Bridges
Ethernet Controller / MAC
RMII/GMII/SGMII with checksum/TSO offload, PTP timestamps and low-latency FIFOs.
Industrial Ethernet Slave SoC
HW-accelerated PROFINET/EtherCAT/EtherNet-IP/SERCOS III with dual-port switching.
Gateway / Bridge Controller
Bridges multi-protocol to Ethernet with VLAN/QoS and PTP-aware forwarding.
Switching & TSN
Unmanaged / Smart Switch IC
VLAN, QoS, mirroring and storm control; ring protocol basics.
Managed / Enterprise Switch IC
L2/L3 with ACL, multicast/IGMP, QoS/shaping and line-rate telemetry.
TSN Switch / Bridge
HW time windows, timestamps, shaping and admission control for deterministic networking.
Ring Redundancy (MRP/HSR/PRP)
ms switchover or zero-loss redundancy with dual-active paths for power/rail.
PoE / PoDL
PoE PSE Controller (802.3af/at/bt)
Per-port power allocation with classification/detection, events and limits.
PoE PD Controller
Classification with sync-rectified isolated DC-DC and fault/event logging.
PoDL for SPE
Classes A/B/C, line-loss compensation and thermal management for long-run sensors.
Timing & Sync over Ethernet
PTP Hardware Timestamping
One/Two-step with master/slave roles and E2E/P2P corrections.
Synchronous Ethernet (SyncE)
Jitter filtering and holdover for 5G backhaul and power-grid sync.
White-Rabbit-Style Timing
Bi-directional delay measurement and distributed frequency lock for sub-ns timing.
Industrial Ethernet Stacks
PROFINET IRT Device
HW scheduling windows with cyclic/acyclic channels in parallel.
EtherCAT Slave
Frame-level processing with ultra-low loop delay and DC sync.
EtherNet-IP / CIP Adapter
CIP Sync/PTP, object dictionary, diagnostics and redundancy options.
POWERLINK / SERCOS III → TSN
Bridging and dual-stack strategies for gradual TSN migration.
PHY Co-Design & Protection
Low-C TVS for RJ45/SPE
Low-cap TVS friendly to diff pairs; IEC-61000-4-2/-4-5 compliance hooks.
Magnetics & Common-Mode Chokes
Mode suppression, EMI control and PoE center-tap clamping.
Long Cable & Grounding
Shield/ground schemes, surge return paths and connector choices.
Isolation & Creepage / Intrinsic Safety
Reinforced isolation and spacing rules for hazardous deployments.
Test, Monitoring & Security
Cable Diagnostics (TDR/Return-Loss/SNR)
Locate opens/shorts and pair crosstalk for field service.
Link Health & Black-Box
CRC/drop counters with temp/power/event logging for forensics.
Security (MACsec/DTLS/TLS Offload)
Encrypt/integrity at link or transport with secure keys and measured boot.
Remote Management (LLDP/LLDP-MED/NETCONF)
Discovery, power adverts and remote config/ops interfaces.
Topologies & Use Cases
Line / Star / Ring Topologies
Trade redundancy, bandwidth and cabling for machinery and lines.
Controller-to-I/O
SPE + PoDL direct to remote I/O boxes to simplify 24 V wiring.
Edge Compute / Gateway
TSN switching + PTP gateway linking field networks to cloud.
High-Speed Imaging / Motion
Gigabit-to-multi-gig with TSN timing for deterministic triggering.
Key Specs & Selection
Jitter & Clocking
PTP accuracy, SyncE jitter templates and coupling to ADC/DAC clocks.
Latency & Determinism
Switch delays, Qbv/Qci shaping and end-to-end jitter budgeting.
EMC & Robustness
ESD/surge ratings, radiated/immunity limits and CM spectral control.
Power & Thermal
Per-port power, PoE thermals and airflow/heatsink strategies.
Cable & Reach
Cat5e/Cat6/industrial media, 1 km SPE and ISI/XTALK/return-loss limits.
Compliance & Certification
IEEE 802.3/802.1, PTP/SyncE, PROFINET/EtherCAT certs plus EMC/safety.
Design Hooks & Pitfalls
Ref Clock & Layout
Length-match diff pairs, provide direct return paths and isolate clock noise.
RJ45 & Magnetics Placement
Place near the PHY, avoid return-plane cuts and plan PoE current paths.
Grounding & Shielding
Y-cap locations, 360° shield bonds and leakage vs. EMC trade-offs.
PoE / Data Co-Design
Center-tap protection for surge/lightning and PSE power-limit curves.
TSN Parameterization
Gate-control lists, time-slot tables, PTP topology calibration and storm guards.
Field Service
Per-port bypass, loopback/PRBS, self-test and secure remote firmware updates.
