Oscilloscopes, spectrum/VNA, precision DMM/SMU, time/frequency, DAQ, modular PXI/AXIe/USB, power/eLoads, metrology & EMC. Each card links to a focused page.
RF/Mixed-Signal Instruments
Oscilloscope Front-End
Variable attenuators/relay matrix, BW limiting, S/H, low-noise amps, ADC & timing.
High-Speed ADC & Clocking
GS/s ADCs with low-phase-noise PLLs/clock trees, jitter cleaning and trigger sync.
Spectrum Analyzer IF Chain
Mixers/LOs, PGAs & tunable filters, log amps, detectors and ADC capture.
Vector Network Analyzer (VNA)
Synth PLL/DDS, IQ mod/demod, switch matrices, detectors and calibration DACs.
AWG / Function Generator
High-speed DACs, reconstruction filters, amplitude/phase calibration and buffered outputs.
Lock-in Amplifier
Reference/phase synthesis, low-noise front-ends, phase-sensitive detection and ΣΔ ADCs.
Phase Noise Analyzer
Cross-correlation detection, ultra-low-noise LOs, phase discriminators and ADC/FFT.
Noise Figure Measurement
Noise-source control, gain/NF front-ends with detectors/ADCs and temperature compensation.
RF Power Meter / Probe
Log detectors with temp comp, buffered outputs, interfaces and calibration hooks.
Time / Frequency & Standards
Frequency / Time Interval Counter
TDC/timestamps with low-jitter refs, dividers/timebases and event counting.
Rb / OCXO / TCXO Timebase
Low-phase-noise refs, temp control, redundant switching and monitoring/calibration I/F.
Precision & Metrology
Precision DMM
Self-cal references, relay matrices, integrating/ΣΔ ADCs and terminal temp comp.
Pico / Femto Ammeter
Ultra-low-leakage TIAs with auto-ranging and guarding/driven shields.
Nanovoltmeter / Micro-Ohmmeter
Chopper/auto-zero amps, 4-wire switching, low-thermal relays and integrating ADCs.
Source Measure Unit (SMU)
Four-quadrant power stages, precision DAC/ADC, range switching and protections.
Calibrator / Reference Source
Stable reference arrays, programmable dividers/current sources and temp control.
Metrology Reference Monitor
Atomic/OCXO-locked refs, multi-point comparison and drift/aging tracking.
Power & Loads
Electronic Load
Current/power-loop control, MOSFET drivers, measurement amps and thermal protections.
Precision DC Source
Low-noise refs, programmable DACs with linear post-regs, remote sense & protections.
AC Source / Linear Power Amp
Synth DAC waveforms, linear power stages, feedback/protection and phase sync.
Battery / Solar Simulator
Programmable sources with internal-resistance models, DCDC+linear composites and ADCs.
DAQ & Switching
DAQ Mainframe
Multi-channel ADCs with PGAs/filters, synchronized clocks and isolated backplane comms.
Mux / Scanner Card
Low-leak relays/solid-state switches, matrix topologies, channel protection and path self-test.
Sensing & AFE Chains
Thermocouple / RTD AFE
CJC, low-drift amps, 24-bit ADCs and strong mains rejection.
Strain / Bridge Measurement
Low-noise in-amps with programmable excitation, ΣΔ ADCs and temp-drift correction.
Vibration / IEPE Conditioning
Constant-current IEPE, differential amps, anti-alias filtering and sync sampling.
Photodiode / Spectroscopy AFE
Low-noise TIAs with range switching, lock-in/demodulation and precision ADCs.
High Resistance / Insulation Meter
HV sources, electrometer front-ends, ultra-high-value feedback, guarding and integrating ADCs.
Dielectric / PD Measurement
Broadband excitation/sampling AFEs, detection/phase-sensitive readout and safety interlocks.
Magnetic / Hall Measurement
Low-drift Hall AFEs, chopper amps, low-noise ADCs and compensation-coil drivers.
Modular & System
Modular Instrumentation (PXI/AXIe/USB)
Backplane sync/trigger, PCIe/Thunderbolt bridges, isolated I/O and PMICs.
Trigger/Marker & Event Routing
Programmable delays, fanout/shaping, jitter and time-of-arrival measurements.
Built-in Self-Test (BIST)
Loopbacks/self-checks, reference injection, signature analysis and error logging.
I/O & Comms for Instruments
USB/Ethernet/PCIe PHYs with TSN/PTP, isolated transceivers and HSM security.
Instrument Power & Protection
Multi-rail PMICs, eFuse/hot-swap, OVP/OCP/ESD/surge protections and thermal management.
EMC / Shielding & Guarding
Digital isolators, driven-guard techniques, CM chokes, TVS and filter networks.
