Practical index for high-speed serial I/O: USB (Host/Device/DRD, PHYs, retimers, hubs, Type-C/MUX, bridges, port protection), PCIe (controllers, PHY/SerDes, retimer/redriver, switches, cabled extensions, compliance hooks), HDMI (Tx/Rx, retimer, bridges, switch/split/matrix, EMC/ESD), and MIPI (CSI-2/DSI, bridges/extenders, switches, protection), plus cross-protocol design hooks.
USB (Universal Serial Bus)
USB Host / Device / DRD Controller
USB 2.0/3.x/4 logic with UASP/MSC/CDC classes, low-latency DMA; host, peripheral and OTG roles.
USB PHY (2.0 / 3.x / 4)
HS/SS/SSP rates, SSC jitter templates and low-jitter refs; discrete PHYs for SoCs/bridges.
USB Redriver / Retimer
CTLE/DFE channel compensation with Type-C orientation handling; extend reach for long cables/docks.
USB Hub Controller
Multi-downstream hubs with power management and port-power/over-current reporting.
USB ↔ {UART / I²C / SPI / ETH / PCIe} Bridges
Field debug and peripheral attach; EEPROM-configurable with minimal firmware.
Type-C Orientation & Signal MUX
TX/RX flip, SBU protection and DisplayPort Alt-Mode signal routing.
USB Port ESD/TVS & Load Switch
Low-C ESD near the connector; VBUS cut-off and back-drive blocking (data-path notes only).
PCIe (Peripheral Component Interconnect Express)
Controller / Endpoint / Root Complex
Gen1–5/6 compatibility, ATS/PRI and SR-IOV; for CPUs, FPGAs and accelerator cards.
PHY / SerDes
Pre-emphasis/equalization with jitter tolerance; SRIS/SRNS clocking on boards/backplanes.
Retimer / Redriver
CDR/DFE/CTLE with link-training transparency; eye-opening metrics for long traces/cables.
Switch / Bifurcation
Multi-port fan-out with ACS/ARI and bandwidth slicing for storage/multi-accelerator hosts.
Cabled PCIe / External Boxes
SFF-TA-1002/OCuLink, hot-plug, power bypassing and end-to-end SI budgets.
Compliance & Test Hooks
Loopback/PRBS, margining and error injection toward PCI-SIG compliance.
HDMI (High-Definition Multimedia Interface)
HDMI Tx / Rx
2.0/2.1 with TMDS/FRL auto-mode, HDCP 1.x/2.x; for displays and capture devices.
HDMI Redriver / Retimer
TMDS/FRL equalization with DDC/CEC passthrough and ultra-low-jitter clocks for long runs.
HDMI ↔ MIPI/DP/DSI Bridges
EDID/HDCP handling, clock-domain crossing and color-depth/format conversion for cameras/panels.
Switch / Splitter / Matrix
Seamless switching, audio extraction and HDR/VRR passthrough for AV/meeting rooms.
Port Protection & EMC
Low-C TVS arrays, common-mode chokes and HPD/5-V protection for connector-side compliance.
MIPI (Mobile Industry Processor Interface)
CSI-2 D-PHY / C-PHY (Rx/Tx)
Lane aggregation with HS/LP modes and timing calibration for camera/vision systems.
DSI / DSI-2 D-PHY / C-PHY (Tx/Rx)
High-bandwidth display links with sync control and frame-rate/color-depth setup.
Bridges / Extenders
CSI↔HDMI/DP/LVDS, C-PHY↔D-PHY conversion and long-reach coax/twisted-pair (FPD-Link/GMSL).
Switch / Mux
Multi-camera selection with routed equalization and EMI-aware layouts.
Port Protection (ESD/TVS)
Ultra-low-C (<0.2 pF) arrays with differential symmetry for high-resolution cameras/displays.
Cross-Protocol Design Hooks
Signal Integrity (SI)
Differential length-match, continuous return, impedance/termination control and loss budgeting.
Clock & Jitter
Clean external refs; use retimers for re-timing/cleanup and redrivers for channel boost.
EQ & Training
Parametrize CTLE/DFE/pre-emphasis; align auto-training with firmware static settings.
EMC / ESD
Place low-C TVS near ports; size/locate CMCs; ensure 360° shield grounding.
Thermal & Power
SerDes heat density, copper pads/airflow and per-port power budgeting.
Cables & Connectors
Evaluate insertion/return loss and crosstalk (NEXT/FEXT); choose types and max lengths.
Compliance & Test
USB-IF / PCI-SIG / HDMI-CTS / MIPI-CT workflows with PRBS/eye/jitter and EDID/HDCP cases.
Security & Authentication
HDCP, device identity/certificates (USB-C Alt-Mode/DP), and signed firmware/update paths.
